Difference between revisions of "DIY Microvolume Spectrophotometers"

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[[File:DIYNanoDrop.jpg|440px]]
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[[File:DIY_NanoDrop.jpg|300px]]<br>
 
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<br>
 
Attempt to build DIY Microvolume Spectrophotometers or Fluorospectrometers to quantitate micro-volumes of sample.
 
Attempt to build DIY Microvolume Spectrophotometers or Fluorospectrometers to quantitate micro-volumes of sample.
 
The NanoDrop products are very popular in scientific labs. The measurement principle of holding a drop between two points - the light source and the sensor - allows to measure samples as small as 0.5µL up to 2µL micro volume without a cuvette. The simple basic principle should be perfect for DIY lab equipment. Let's try.<br>
 
The NanoDrop products are very popular in scientific labs. The measurement principle of holding a drop between two points - the light source and the sensor - allows to measure samples as small as 0.5µL up to 2µL micro volume without a cuvette. The simple basic principle should be perfect for DIY lab equipment. Let's try.<br>
To start simple, two approaches are tested, one using an LED and a photo sensor. The second, more advanced, using a DIY spectrometer.<br>
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<br>
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Possible applications:<br>
 
Possible applications:<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
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- Microvolume fluorescence measurements<br>
 
- Microvolume fluorescence measurements<br>
  
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To start simple, two approaches are tested, one based on the DVD spectrometer and a webcam and one using an LED and a photo sensor.<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
Now the NanoDrop principle seems to be patented (patent US6628382 and US6809826). However there are many similar products on the market under the term of "Microvolume Spectrophotometers"...? Doesn't matter anyways if you just build one for your own use.<br>
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== LED-Spectrometer ==
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This version of a DIY microvolume spectrophotometersfor is based on a DIY spectrometer using a DVD-R optical diffraction
 +
grating and a USB webcam as described by PublicLab. The light source is a white 5mm flat head LED. The device is sensitive in the visible light spectrum. The standard webcam can be connected to a computer by USB to get the image of the spectrum instantly. Use the PublicLabs excellent online software workbench to analyse data - http://spectralworkbench.org/ . <br>
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 +
[[File:NanoDropConceptSpectrometer2.png|420px]]
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The device is very compact (110 mm x 45mm x 80 mm) and can be assembled and calibrated quite easily.<br>
 +
The length of the light guide formed by the test sample between the LED and the light guide can be adjusted by means of a simple screw. For the light guide just cut out a piece of 6mm acrylic with the laser cutter<br>
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The LED is connected to the USB supply voltage of the webcam.<br><br>
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[[File:NanoDropSpectrometer_laser.jpg|420px]]<br>
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<br>
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[[File:NanoDropSpectrometer_laser2.jpg|420px]]<br>
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<br>
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All the parts can be laser cut from 3mm wood. For best performance use MDF with water repellent coating on one side and backside sprayed black. <br>
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[[File:NanoDropSpectrometer_lasercutting.jpg|220px]]
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<br><br>
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I used this cheap webcam for the hack:<br>
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[[File:NanoDropSpectrometer_webcam.jpg|120px]]<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
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This are the most recent design files for laser cutting the housing:<br>
[[File:DIY_NanoDropPatent1.png|210px]][[File:DIY_NanoDropPatent2.png|150px]]
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[[File:NanoDropSpectrometer_design.png|320px]]<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
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The files can be found on GitHub here:<br>
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http://www.gaudi.ch/GaudiLabs/?page_id=328
 
<br>
 
<br>
[[File:DIY_NanoDropTechnicalDrawing1.png|400px]]
 
  
<br>
 
 
== LED-Photosensor  ==
 
== LED-Photosensor  ==
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A flat head LED and a flat head photo diode are put together, a drop of liquid in between - this is it. Maybe add a screw to set the distance between the light source and the sensor. A small arduino can measure the light sensor and send the data to the computer via USB.<br>
  
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[[File:DIY_NanoDropConceptLED.png|420px]]
  
[[File:DIY_NanoDropConcept1.jpg|320px]]
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Prototype of LED-Photosensor Version<br>
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[[File:DIYNanoDrop.jpg|440px]]
  
 
High performance LEDs can replace expensive light source and filters for excitation.
 
High performance LEDs can replace expensive light source and filters for excitation.
  
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== Workshops ==
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[[File:DIY_NanoDrop_Workshop1.jpg|280px]]<br>
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Workshop at HackteriaLab 2014, Yogyakarta, Indonesia<br><br>
  
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[[File:DIY_NanoDrop_Workshop2.jpg|280px]]<br>
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Workshop at Kopenlab Festival @ EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF2014)<br><br>
  
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== Resources ==
  
== LED-Spectrometer ==
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The very first prototype:<br>
 +
 
 +
[[File:DIY_NanoDropProto1.jpg|210px]]<br>
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 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
Patent Situation:<br>
 +
 
 +
<br>
 +
Thermo Scientific claims a patent for the NanoDrop principle (patent US6628382 and US6809826). However there are two earlier patents that seem to cover the claimed technology and those are expired by now (US4910402 /US4910402) (thanks for the hint on PublicLab research blog, Mathew) . This would also explain why there are many similar products on the market under the term of "Microvolume Spectrophotometers". Fair enough let's build our own.<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File:DIY_NanoDropPatent1.png|210px]][[File:DIY_NanoDropPatent2.png|150px]]
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<br>
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:DIY_NanoDropTechnicalDrawing1.png|400px]]
 +
<br>
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NanoDrop is a trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific <br>
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<br>
  
[[File:NanoDropConcept2.jpg|320px]]
 
  
 
=== Links ===
 
=== Links ===
http://www.google.com/patents/US6628382
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http://www.google.com/patents/US6628382 <br>
http://www.google.com/patents/US6809826
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http://www.google.com/patents/US6809826 <br>
http://www.google.com/search?q=Microvolume+Spectrophotometers&source=lnms&tbm=isch
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http://www.google.com/patents/US4910402
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http://www.google.com/patents/US4643580
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http://www.google.com/search?q=Microvolume+Spectrophotometers&source=lnms&tbm=isch <br>

Revision as of 07:29, 7 June 2018

300px

Attempt to build DIY Microvolume Spectrophotometers or Fluorospectrometers to quantitate micro-volumes of sample. The NanoDrop products are very popular in scientific labs. The measurement principle of holding a drop between two points - the light source and the sensor - allows to measure samples as small as 0.5µL up to 2µL micro volume without a cuvette. The simple basic principle should be perfect for DIY lab equipment. Let's try.

Possible applications:

- Turbidity measurement
- Spectral data and purity analysis
- Measure nucleic acid, protein and colorimetric assays
- Microvolume fluorescence measurements


To start simple, two approaches are tested, one based on the DVD spectrometer and a webcam and one using an LED and a photo sensor.

LED-Spectrometer

This version of a DIY microvolume spectrophotometersfor is based on a DIY spectrometer using a DVD-R optical diffraction grating and a USB webcam as described by PublicLab. The light source is a white 5mm flat head LED. The device is sensitive in the visible light spectrum. The standard webcam can be connected to a computer by USB to get the image of the spectrum instantly. Use the PublicLabs excellent online software workbench to analyse data - http://spectralworkbench.org/ .

NanoDropConceptSpectrometer2.png

The device is very compact (110 mm x 45mm x 80 mm) and can be assembled and calibrated quite easily.
The length of the light guide formed by the test sample between the LED and the light guide can be adjusted by means of a simple screw. For the light guide just cut out a piece of 6mm acrylic with the laser cutter
The LED is connected to the USB supply voltage of the webcam.

420px

NanoDropSpectrometer laser2.jpg

All the parts can be laser cut from 3mm wood. For best performance use MDF with water repellent coating on one side and backside sprayed black.
NanoDropSpectrometer lasercutting.jpg

I used this cheap webcam for the hack:
120px

This are the most recent design files for laser cutting the housing:
320px

The files can be found on GitHub here:
http://www.gaudi.ch/GaudiLabs/?page_id=328

LED-Photosensor

A flat head LED and a flat head photo diode are put together, a drop of liquid in between - this is it. Maybe add a screw to set the distance between the light source and the sensor. A small arduino can measure the light sensor and send the data to the computer via USB.

DIY NanoDropConceptLED.png

Prototype of LED-Photosensor Version
DIYNanoDrop.jpg

High performance LEDs can replace expensive light source and filters for excitation.

Workshops

DIY NanoDrop Workshop1.jpg
Workshop at HackteriaLab 2014, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DIY NanoDrop Workshop2.jpg
Workshop at Kopenlab Festival @ EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF2014)

Resources

The very first prototype:

DIY NanoDropProto1.jpg


Patent Situation:


Thermo Scientific claims a patent for the NanoDrop principle (patent US6628382 and US6809826). However there are two earlier patents that seem to cover the claimed technology and those are expired by now (US4910402 /US4910402) (thanks for the hint on PublicLab research blog, Mathew) . This would also explain why there are many similar products on the market under the term of "Microvolume Spectrophotometers". Fair enough let's build our own.


DIY NanoDropPatent1.pngDIY NanoDropPatent2.png

DIY NanoDropTechnicalDrawing1.png
NanoDrop is a trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific


Links

http://www.google.com/patents/US6628382
http://www.google.com/patents/US6809826
http://www.google.com/patents/US4910402 http://www.google.com/patents/US4643580 http://www.google.com/search?q=Microvolume+Spectrophotometers&source=lnms&tbm=isch