PEOPLE IN THE PROCESS

Charles Darwin-for his theory of Evolution and natural selection.

Antome van-for the improvement of the microscope.

Richard Doll-he was credited with being the first to prove that smoking caused and increases the risk of heart disease.

Friedrich Miescher-for isolating DNA from the nuclei.

Frederick Griffith-discovery of pneumococcal transformation.

Alfred Day Hershey and Martha Chase- Confirmed that DNA is the genetic material and not protein.

Erwin Chargaff- His first and best known  achievement was to show that in natural DNA the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units.The second of Chargaff’s rules is that the composition of DNA varies from one species to another.

James Watson-one of the co-discoverers of the DNA structure along with Francis Crick.

Georgi Markov-a Bulgarian playwright who was murdered using a ricin pellet.

Renato Dulbecco- for his work on reverse transcriptase.

Stanley Cohen,Paul Berg,Herbert Boyer-the firsts to experiment with genetic engineering and recombinant DNA.

Raul Cano- isolating and characterizing ancient bacteria from amber inclusions as well as several genes from his efforts in the Lactobacillus acidophilus genome project.

Arthur Kornberg- his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" together with Dr. Severo Ochoa.

Thomas Brock- discovered high-temperature bacteria living in the Great Fountain region of Yellowstone.

Kary Mullis- for the development of PCR (polumerase chain reaction).

Frederick Sanger- proved that proteins have a defined chemical composition.He also determined the complete amino acid sequence of the two polypeptide chains of insulin.

Andrew Fire and Craig Mello- found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA.